When is catalase used

Ellis E. Anderson R. Lipid peroxidation and retinal degeneration. Current Eye Research. Abnormalities of retinal metabolism in diabetes and experimental galactosemia. Effect of long-term administration of antioxidants on the development of retinopathy.

Diabetes-induced elevations in retinal oxidative stress, protein kinase C and nitric oxide are interrelated. Acta Diabetologica. Termination of experimental galactosemia in rats, and progression of retinal metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the retina. Ahlqvist E. Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables.

Markesbery W. Hebert L. Alzheimer disease in the United States — estimated using the census. Glenner G. Masters C. Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. Yankner B. Pike C. Brain Research. Frautschy S. Effects of injected Alzheimer beta-amyloid cores in rat brain. Kowall N. An in vivo model for the neurodegenerative effects of beta amyloid and protection by substance P.

Harris M. Experimental Neurology. Howlett D. Aggregation state and neurotoxic properties of Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide. Aksenov M. Journal of Neurochemistry. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. Varadarajan S. Brain Research Bulletin. Yatin S. Neurochemical Research. Neuroscience Letters.

Journal of Structural Biology. Mattson M. Behl C. Hane F. PLoS One. Huang X. Hornykiewicz O. Advances in Neurology. Przedborski S. Schapira A. Orr C. Progress in Neurobiology. Vekrellis K. The Lancet Neurology.

Lotharius J. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. Graham D. Oxidative pathways for catecholamines in the genesis of neuromelanin and cytotoxic quinones. Molecular Pharmacology. Yakunin E. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. Schallreuter K. Low catalase levels in the epidermis of patients with vitiligo. Maresca V. Increased sensitivity to peroxidative agents as a possible pathogenic factor of melanocyte damage in vitiligo.

Moellmann G. Extracellular granular material and degeneration of keratinocytes in the normally pigmented epidermis of patients with vitiligo. Bhawan J. Keratinocyte damage in vitiligo. Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: some problems and concepts.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Aronoff S. Catalase: kinetics of photooxidation. Estrogens can contribute to hydrogen peroxide generation and quinone-mediated DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with vitiligo. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

Shajil E. Takahara S. Clinical and experimental studies on the odontogenous progressive necrotic ostitis due to lack of blood catalase. Journal of the Otorhinolaryngological Society of Japan. Progressive oral gangrene probably due to lack of catalase in the blood acatalasemia The Lancet. Acatalasemia in Japan. In: Beutler E. Hereditary Disorder of Erythrocytic Metabolism, vol.

Hypocatalasemia: a new genetic carrier state. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Wen J. Molecular analysis of human acatalasemia: identification of splicing mutation. Hirono A. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. Aebi H. Enzymologia biologica et clinica. Acatalasemia in Switzerland. Hereditary Disorder of Erythrocyte Metabolism. Properties of erythrocyte catalase from homozygotes and heterozygotes for Swiss-type acatalasemia.

Biochemical Genetics. Crawford D. Molecular defect in human acatalasia fibroblasts. Singhal A. Nanoparticle-mediated catalase delivery protects human neurons from oxidative stress.

Baker C. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Jin L. Transduction of human catalase mediated by an HIV-1 TAT protein basic domain and arginine-rich peptides into mammalian cells. Wiedau-Pazos M. Altered reactivity of superoxide dismutase in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Beckman J. Reinholz M. Therapeutic benefits of putrescine-modified catalase in a transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Melov S. Lifespan extension and rescue of spongiform encephalopathy in superoxide dismutase 2 nullizygous mice treated with superoxide dismutase—catalase mimetics.

The Journal of Neuroscience. Catalase protects cardiomyocyte function in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Aneja A. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: insights into pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic options. The American Journal of Medicine. Agar N. Erythrocyte catalase. A somatic oxidant defense? Giulivi C. Dityrosine: a marker for oxidatively modified proteins and selective proteolysis. Methods in Enzymology. Masuoka N. Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide: catalase activity and rates of hydrogen peroxide removal by erythrocytes.

Hashida K. Kinetic studies on the hydrogen peroxide elimination by cultured PC12 cells: rate limitation by glucosephosphate dehydrogenase. Evans J. Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes.

Endocrine Reviews. Hampton M. Dual regulation of caspase activity by hydrogen peroxide: implications for apoptosis. FEBS Letters. Pignatelli F. Hydrogen peroxide is involved in collagen-induced platelet activation. Switala J. Diversity of properties among catalases.

Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Schonbaum G. The Enzymes. Characterization and properties of catalase immobilized onto controlled pore glass and its application in batch and plug-flow type reactors. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. Immobilization of catalase onto Eupergit C and its characterization.

Ray M. Expression and purification of soluble bio-active rice plant catalase-A from recombinant Escherichia coli. Journal of Biotechnology. Mondal P. Molecular identification and properties of a light-insensitive rice catalase-B expressed in E.

Biotechnology Letters. Kandukuri S. Purification and characterization of catalase from sprouted black gram Vigna mungo seeds. Journal of Chromatography B. Clairborne A. Purification of the o-dianisidine peroxidase from Escherichia coli B. A novel catalase mutation a GA insertion causes the Hungarian type of acatalasemia.

A novel catalase mutation a G insertion in exon 2 causes the type B of the Hungarian acatalasemia. A novel catalase mutation detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism, nucleotide sequencing, and western blot analyses is responsible for the type C of Hungarian acatalasemia.

Catalase enzyme mutations and their association with diseases. Molecular Diagnosis. Detection of a novel familial catalase mutation Hungarian type D and the possible risk of inherited catalase deficiency for diabetes mellitus. Support Center Support Center. External link. The crystal structures of 16 heme-containing catalases have now been solved, revealing a common, highly conserved core in all enzymes. The active center consists of a heme with a tyrosine ligand on the proximal side and a conserved histidine and an aspartate on the distal side.

Although catalases have been studied for many years, additional functions of catalases have recently been recognized. For example, Scytalidium thermophilum catalase CATPO has been shown to oxidize o-diphenolic and some p-diphenolic compounds in the absence of hydrogen peroxide.

This and other studies have led to the proposal that this secondary oxidative activity may be a general characteristic of catalases. The present chapter will focus on the function and structure of monofunctional heme catalases, emphasizing the information obtained in the last few years mainly in relation to the secondary activity of these enzymes.

Catalases are one of the most studied groups of enzymes. The term catalase was first identified by Loew as hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 degrading enzyme in , and the protein has been the focus of study for biochemists and molecular biologists ever since.

The overall reaction for catalase can simply be described as the degradation of two molecules of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen reaction 1. This catalytic reaction occurs in two distinct stages, but what each of the stages includes is mainly based on the kind of catalase [ 1 ].

The first stage involves oxidation of the heme using first hydrogen peroxide molecule to form an oxyferryl species in which one oxidation equivalent is taken off from the iron and one from the porphyrin ring to make a porphyrin cation radical reaction 2. In the second stage, this radical intermediate, known as compound I, is reduced by a second hydrogen peroxide to regenerate the resting state enzyme, water and oxygen reaction 3 [ 2 , 3 ]. Catalases can also function as peroxidases, in which suitable organic compound is used as an electron donor.

During peroxidase reaction, compound I is converted to compound II reaction 4 , which can be oxidized by another hydrogen peroxide to produce the inactive compound III reaction 5.

Catalases have been classified into three groups: monofunctional heme-containing catalases, heme-containing catalase-peroxidases, and manganese-containing catalases [ 7 ]. Among them, monofunctional catalases constitute the largest and most extensively studied group of catalases [ 1 , 2 ].

They all possess two-step mechanism for dismutation of hydrogen peroxide. Members of this largest class of catalases can be biochemically subdivided based on having large 75—84 kDa subunits with heme d associated or small 55—69 kDa subunits with heme b associated.

All small subunit enzymes so far characterized, unlike larger enzymes, have been found with NADP H bound [ 1 , 8 ]. In turn, larger subunit enzymes have been shown to exhibit significantly enhanced stability against high temperatures and proteolysis [ 1 , 9 ].

The catalase-peroxidases, less widespread class, exhibit significant peroxidatic activity in addition to catalytic activity [ 2 ]. They are found in bacteria, archaebacteria, and fungi. Catalase-peroxidases have a molecular mass in the range of — kDa [ 10 , 11 ]. Manganese-containing catalases are not as widespread as the heme-containing catalases, and there are only three of them so far characterized, one from lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and two from thermophilic bacteria Thermus thermophilus and Thermoleophilum album [ 1 , 2 ].

These enzymes are also called pseudo-catalases as their active site contains a manganese-rich reaction instead of heme group [ 12 , 13 ]. Crystal structures of two manganese catalases, one from T.

Although monofunctional catalases are described as such due to the prolonged-agreed belief that their only role is hydrogen peroxide removal, this rather limited catalytic role has recently been questioned.

Vetrano et al. Later, a catalase from S. Such studies are likely to give evidence that translates from various sources to a great deal of catalases. The study of the bacterial response to oxidative stress has given insights into how catalase synthesis is controlled in different cells. Studies with E. These two types of catalases are induced independently; HPI synthesis is promoted by H 2 O 2 added to a medium, and HPII synthesis is induced during growth into stationary phase [ 22 ]. The katG gene, encoding HPI, has been found to be regulated by the OxyR regulon which responds to oxidative stress [ 9 , 21 , 22 ].

OxyR protein is a member of LysR family of regulatory proteins that respond to oxidant levels in the cell [ 9 ]. OxyR protein undergoes a conformational change during its transition from the reduced transcriptionally inactive to the oxidized transcriptional active form. The oxygen oxidizes the hydroquinones and also acts as the propellant. Catalase is also universal among plants, but not among fungi , although some species have been found to produce the enzyme when growing in an environment with a low pH and warm temperatures.

Very few aerobic microorganisms are known that do not use catalase. Streptococcus species are an example of aerobic bacteria that do not possess catalase. Catalase has also been observed in some anaerobic microorganisms , such as Methanosarcina barkeri. Catalase is used in the food industry for removing hydrogen peroxide from milk prior to cheese production. Several mask treatments combine the enzyme with hydrogen peroxide on the face with the intent of increasing cellular oxygenation in the upper layers of the epidermis.

The peroxisomal disorder acatalasia is due to a deficiency in the function of catalase. Categories: Genes on chromosome 11 Human proteins EC 1. Read what you need to know about our industry portal bionity. My watch list my. My watch list My saved searches My saved topics My newsletter Register free of charge. Keep logged in. Cookies deactivated. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.

Login Register. Home Encyclopedia Catalase Catalase. Additional recommended knowledge. Science Education Outreach. Retrieved on Molecule of the Month. Catalase Structural Tutorial Text.

Science 11 : Whichever view is favoured, it is not likely to be simple to achieve the desired modifications in plant performance without less attractive trade-off effects. However, this objective will probably be aided by improved knowledge on how redox signalling interfaces and interacts with the network of signalling pathways through components such as phytohormones.

The growing awareness of the crucial role of redox-dependent signalling in plant development and function suggests that conditional catalase-deficient mutants are likely to continue to be useful tools to this end. Alternative models of oxidative stress-mediated effects and potential strategies to modulate them. Google Scholar. Google Preview. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account. Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract.

Stress and reactive oxygen. Plant catalases. Genetic manipulation of catalase. Modification of cell redox state in catalase-deficient plants. Physiological significance of studies of catalase mutants. Conclusions and perspectives. Catalase function in plants: a focus on Arabidopsis mutants as stress-mimic models.

Amna Mhamdi , Amna Mhamdi. Oxford Academic. Guillaume Queval. Sejir Chaouch. Sandy Vanderauwera. Frank Van Breusegem. Revision received:. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract Hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 is an important signal molecule involved in plant development and environmental responses. Arabidopsis thaliana , glutathione , H 2 O 2 , mutants , oxidative stress , pathogens , redox signalling.

Open in new tab Download slide. Table 1. Open in new tab. Table 2. Table 3. P, put. Narrowing the agronomic yield gap with improved nitrogen use efficiency: a modeling approach. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. Effects of inhibitors of catalase on photosynthesis and on catalase activity in unwashed preparations of intact chloroplasts.

Enhanced tolerance to photooxidative stress of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum with high chloroplastic glutathione reductase activity. The water—water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons. Arabidopsis mutants reveal multiple singlet oxygen signaling pathways involved in stress response and development.

Interplay between the NADP-linked thioredoxin and glutathione systems in Arabidopsis auxin signaling. Inhibition of catalase activity is an early response of Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells to the phytotoxin fusicoccin. Peroxidase-dependent apoplastic oxidative burst in Arabidopsis required for pathogen resistance. Manipulation of catalase levels produces altered photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. Oxidative stress responses in transgenic tobacco containing altered levels of glutathione reductase activity.

The lithium tolerance of the Arabidopsis cat2 mutant reveals a cross-talk between oxidative stress and ethylene. Transgenic tobacco with a reduced catalase activity develops necrotic lesions and induces pathogenesis-related expression under high light.

Defense activation and enhanced pathogen tolerance induced by H 2 O 2 in transgenic plants. Genetic reversion of cell death in the Arabidopsis cat2 knockout mutant shows that peroxisomal H 2 O 2 is coupled to biotic defense responses by isochorismate synthase 1 in a daylength-related manner.

Peroxisomal xanthine oxidoreductase: characterization of the enzyme from pea Pisum sativum L. Elevated glutathione biosynthetic capacity in the chloroplasts of transgenic tobacco paradoxically causes increased oxidative stress. Catalase-deficient tobacco plants: tools for in planta studies on the role of hydrogen peroxide.

Changes in hydrogen peroxide homeostasis trigger an active cell death process in tobacco. Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by ascorbate. Roles of active oxygen species, copper and semidehydroascorbate. Google Scholar PubMed. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1 is a central component of the reactive oxygen gene network of Arabidopsis.

The zinc-finger protein Zat12 plays a central role in reactive oxygen and abiotic stress signaling in Arabidopsis. A more sensitive modification of the catalase assay with the Clark oxygen electrode: application to the kinetic study of the pea leaf enzyme.

Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in peroxisomes. Production, scavenging, and role in cell signaling. Enzyme activities and subcellular localization of members of the Arabidopsis glutathione transferase superfamily.

Tobacco class I and II catalases are differentially expressed during elicitor-induced hypersensitive cell death and localized acquired resistance. Role for salicylic acid in the activation of defense responses in catalase-deficient transgenic tobacco. Leaf mitochondria modulate whole cell redox homeostasis, set antioxidant capacity and determine stress resistance through altered signaling and diurnal regulation.

Glutathione and elicitation of the phytoalexin response in legume cell cultures. Generation of hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis overexpressing glcyolate oxidase as an inducible system to study oxidative stress. Effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a catalase inhibitor, on peroxide content of suspension-cultured pear fruit cells. Photorespiratory metabolism: genes, mutants, energetics, and redox signaling.

The presence of dehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate reductase in plant tissues. Redox regulation in photosynthetic organisms: signaling, acclimation, and practical implications.

Overexpression of glutathione reductase but not glutathione synthetase leads to increases in antioxidant capacity and resistance to photoinhibition in poplar trees. Glutathione and homoglutathione play a critical role in the nodulation process of Medicago truncatula. Catalase is encoded by a multigene family in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Transcriptomic footprints disclose specificity of reactive oxygen species signaling in Arabidopsis.

Antisense suppression of l -galactose dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana provides evidence for its role in ascorbate synthesis and reveals light-modulated l -galactose synthesis. Phytochrome signalling modulates the SA—perceptive pathway in Arabidopsis. The intercellular distribution of glutathione synthesis and its response to chilling in maize. Acclimation of foliar antioxidant systems to growth irradiance in three broad-leaved evergreen species.

Molecular evolution of maize catalases and their relationship to other eukaryotic and prokaryotic catalases. Enhanced peroxidatic activity in specific catalase isozymes of tobacco, barley, and maize. Experimental analysis of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome highlights signaling and regulatory components, provides assessment of targeting prediction programs, and indicates plant-specific mitochondrial proteins.

Light dependence of catalase synthesis and degradation in leaves and the influence of interfering stress conditions. Mice lacking catalase develop normally but show differential sensitivity to oxidant tissue injury. Genevestigator V3: a reference expression database for the meta-analysis of transcriptomes.

Functional comparison of catalase genes in the elimination of photorespiratory H 2 O 2 using promoter- and 3'-untranslated region exchange experiments in the Arabidopsis cat2 photorespiratory mutant. Hydroperoxide reduction by thioredoxin-specific glutathione peroxidase isoenzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Differential diurnal expression of rice catalase genes: the 5'-flanking region of CatA is not sufficient for circadian control. The in vivo toxicity of hydroxyurea depends on its direct target catalase.

Identification of peroxisomal targeting signal of pumpkin catalase and the binding analysis with PTS1 receptor. Arabidopsis glutathione reductase 1 is dually targeted to peroxisomes and the cytosol. Characterization of catalase from green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Catalase reaction by myoglobin mutants and native catalase. Mechanistic investigation by kinetic isotope effect. The isolation and characterisation of a catalase-deficient mutant of barley Hordeum vulgare L.

Biochemistry of photorespiration and the consequences for plant performance. Kinetics and stoichiometry. Restoration of peroxisomal catalase import in a model of human cellular aging.

The plant-specific function of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-mediated detoxification of peroxides in the redox-hierarchy of photosynthetic electron flux. Field-grown cotton plants with elevated activity of chloroplastic glutathione reductase exhibit no significant alteration of diurnal and seasonal patterns of excitation energy partitioning and CO 2 fixation. Functional analysis of oxidative stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in plants.

Glutathione half-cell reduction potential: a universal stress marker and modulator of programmed cell death. Getting a camel through the eye of a needle: the import of folded proteins by peroxisomes. Action mechanism of antitubercular isoniazid. Activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG , isolation, and characterization of inhA inhibitor.

Pre- and postinvasion defenses both contribute to nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis. Is catalase activity one of the factors associated with maize resistance to Aspergillus flavus? Irreversible reaction of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and related inhibitors with the protein of catalase. Salicylic acid regulates flowering time and links defence responses and reproductive development. The NADPH-dependent thioredoxin system constitutes a functional backup for cytosolic glutathione reductase in Arabidopsis.

Involvement of reactive oxygen species, glutathione metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the Cf -gene-dependent defence response of tomato cotyledons induced by race-specific elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum. Crosstalks between myo—inositol metabolism, programmed cell death and basal immunity in Arabidopsis. Cytosolic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase contributes to redox homeostasis and the regulation of pathogen responses in Arabidopsis leaves. Arabidopsis MEKK1 can take a short cut: it can directly interact with senescence-related WRKY53 transcription factor on the protein level and can bind to its promoter.

Overexpression of the Escherichia coli catalase katE , enhances tolerance to salinity stress in the transgenic indica rice cultivar, BR5.

Identification of the peroxisomal targeting signal for cottonseed catalase. The catalase-peroxidase of Synechococcus PCC purification, nucleotide sequence analysis and expression in Escherichia coli. The Arabidopsis ascorbate peroxidase 3 is a peroxisomal membrane-bound antioxidant enzyme and is dispensable for Arabidopsis growth and development.

Characterization of a pathogen-induced potato catalase and its systemic expression upon nematode and bacterial infection. Arabidopsis heat shock transcription factor A2 as a key regulator in response to several types of environmental stress. Metabolic signalling in defence and stress: the central roles of soluble redox couples. Drought and oxidative load in the leaves of C 3 plants: a predominant role for photorespiration?

Plant catalase is imported into peroxisomes by Pex5p but is distinct from typical PTS1 import. Proteome of plant peroxisomes: new perspectives on the role of these organelles in cell biology. Common components, networks, and pathways of cross-tolerance to stress.

Lack of peroxisomal catalase causes a progeric phenotype in Caenorhabditis elegans. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the maize cat2 gene have altered catalase levels that affect plant—pathogen interactions and resistance to oxidative stress. Why are literature data for H 2 O 2 contents so variable? A discussion of potential difficulties in quantitative assays of leaf extracts. Conditional oxidative stress responses in the Arabidopsis photorespiratory mutant cat2 demonstrate that redox state is a key modulator of daylength-dependent gene expression, and define photoperiod as a crucial factor in the regulation of H 2 O 2 -induced cell death.

A plate reader method for the measurement of NAD, NADP, glutathione, and ascorbate in tissue extracts: application to redox profiling during Arabidopsis rosette development. H 2 O 2 -activated up-regulation of glutathione in Arabidopsis involves induction of genes encoding enzymes involved in cysteine synthesis in the chloroplast. Expression of the maize Cat3 catalase gene is under the influence of a circadian rhythm.

The role of distal tryptophan in the bifunctional activity of catalase-peroxidases. Occurrence and biochemistry of hydroperoxidase in oxygenic phototrophic prokaryotes cyanobacteria. Specific checkpoints regulate plant cell cycle progression in response to oxidative stress. Inactivation of thioredoxin reductases reveals a complex interplay between thioredoxin and glutathione pathways in Arabidopsis development. Proteome analysis of Arabidopsis leaf peroxisomes reveals novel targetting peptides, metabolic pathways, and defense mechanisms.

Double antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase and catalase are less sensitive to oxidative stress than single antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase or catalase. Glutathione reductase from pea leaves: response to abiotic stress and characterization of the peroxisomal isozyme. Cat3 , a third gene locus coding for a tissue-specific catalase in maize: genetics, intracellular location, and some biochemical properties.

Post-transcriptional mechanisms control catalase synthesis during its light-induced turnover in rye leaves through the availability of the hemin cofactor and reversible changes of the translation efficiency of mRNA. Extension of murine life span by overexpression of catalase targeted to mitochondria.

Photosynthetic electron flow affects H 2 O 2 signalling by inactivation of catalase in. Inhibition of ascorbate peroxidase under oxidative stress in tobacco having bacterial catalase in chloroplasts. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways.

The differential spatial distribution of secondary metabolites in Arabidopsis leaves reacting hypersensitively to Pseudomonas syringae pv.